Torusness ​

Created using this formula:

y(θ,ϕ) z(θ,ϕ)​

=(R+r⋅cos(θ))⋅cos(ϕ), =(R+r⋅cos(θ))⋅sin(ϕ), =r⋅sin(θ)

The equation uses a combination of trigonometric functions (sine and cosine) to describe the circular geometry of the torus. As 𝜃 θ varies, it defines the circular cross-section of the tube. As 𝜙 ϕ varies, it describes the rotation of the tube around the center of the torus. This parametric form allows for the creation of a smooth, continuous surface for the torus in 3D space.