The five Lagrange points (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5)

Lagrange points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of two large celestial bodies (such as the Earth and the Sun) balance with the centripetal force felt by a smaller object, allowing the object to remain in a stable or semi-stable position relative to the larger bodies.

These points were first theorized by the French mathematician and physicist Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1772 while studying the three-body problem. His work expanded upon earlier research by Leonhard Euler and led to the identification of five special points, now known as the Lagrange points (L1–L5).